Steinvikholm Castle (Steinvikholm slott) is an island fortress on the Skatval peninsula near Stjørdal, in Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway. The castle was built over seven years, from 1525 to 1532, for Norway's last Catholic archbishop, Olav Engelbrektsson.[1]
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The castle occupies about half of the land on the rocky island. The absence of a spring meant that fresh water had to be brought from the mainland. A wooden bridge served as the only way to the island other than boat. Although the castle design was common across Europe in 1525, its medieval design was becoming obsolete because of the improved siege firepower offered by gunpowder and cannons.
The castle was constructed after Olav Engelbrektsson returned from a meeting the Pope in Rome, presumably in anticipation of impending military-religious conflict.[2]
As Archbishop Engelbrektsson's resistance to the encroachment of Danish rule escalated, first with Frederick I of Denmark and his successor Christian III of Denmark, Steinvikholm and Nidarholm Abbey became the Catholic Church's military strongholds in Norway.[3] In April 1537, the Danish-Norwegian Reformation succeeded in driving the archbishop from the castle into exile in Lier in the Netherlands (now in Belgium), where he died on 7 February 1538. At the castle the archbishop left behind St. Olav's shrine and other treasures from Nidaros Cathedral (Trondheim). The original coffin containing St. Olav's body remained at Steinvikholm until it was returned to Nidaros Cathedral in 1564. Since 1568 St. Olav's grave in Nidaros has been unknown.
From the 17th to 19th century, the island was used as a quarry and some of its masonry was sold and removed from the site. This activity was condoned by the Danish-Norwegian authorities as a way of eliminating a monument to the opposition of the Denmark–Norway Union.
Steinvikholm fort is owned and operated today by the Monuments Society (Fortidsminneforeningen) which works for the preservation of ancient monuments and heritage sites, particularly buildings and building environments, throughout Norway.
The island has been the site of the midnight opera[4] which details the life and struggles of the archbishop; the opera is held in the late summer, outdoors, and is held bi-annually so as to protect the historical castle grounds. Opera House organized by Steinvikholm Musical and which has been held almost every year since 1993.